ENGLISH CONSONANT SOUNDS/PHONEMES
SONS/PHONEMES CONSONANTIQUES ANGLAIS
{b} as the b in bee {bɜ} (IPA = /b/)
{c} as the ch in cheese {cɜz} (IPA = /tʃ/)
{d} as the d in dog {dog} (IPA= /d/)
{f} as the f in fog {fog} (IPA= /f/)
{g} as the g in gun {gun} (IPA= /g/)
{h} as the h in hit {hit} (IPA= /h/)
{j} comme le j dans jet {jxt} (IPA= /dʒ/)
{k} comme le k dans kit {kit} (IPA= /k/)
{l} comme le l dans lip {lip} (IPA=/l/)
{m} comme le m dans mug {mug} (IPA= /m/)
{n} comme le n dans nut {nut} (IPA= /n/)
{p} comme le p dans pip {pip} (IPA= /p/)
{r} comme le r dans run {run} (IPA= /r/)
{s} comme le s dans sun {sun} (IPA= /s/)
{t} comme le t dans top {top} (IPA= /t/) Video (t) US
{v} comme le v dans van {van} (IPA= /v/)
{w} comme le w dans wax {waks} (IPA= /w/)
{ч} comme le y dans yes {чxs} (IPA= /j/)
{z} comme le z dans zip {zip} (IPA=/z/)
{β} comme le sh dans ship {βip} (IPA=/ʃ/)
{ђ} comme le th dans the {ђe} (IPA= /ð/)
{ħ} comme le th dans thaw {ħō} (IPA=/θ/) VIDEO {ħ}+{ђ}
{ʒ} comme le g dans camouflage {kamuflʀʒ} (IPA=/ʒ/)
{l} The letter l italicized is to show two situations: 1) when it is not obligatory to pronounce the l, and 2) where, though the pronounciaton of the l may be forbidden, the presence of this l changes all the same, the sound of the vowel which follows.
{c} as the ch in cheese {cɜz} (IPA = /tʃ/)
{d} as the d in dog {dog} (IPA= /d/)
{f} as the f in fog {fog} (IPA= /f/)
{g} as the g in gun {gun} (IPA= /g/)
{h} as the h in hit {hit} (IPA= /h/)
{j} comme le j dans jet {jxt} (IPA= /dʒ/)
{k} comme le k dans kit {kit} (IPA= /k/)
{l} comme le l dans lip {lip} (IPA=/l/)
{m} comme le m dans mug {mug} (IPA= /m/)
{n} comme le n dans nut {nut} (IPA= /n/)
{p} comme le p dans pip {pip} (IPA= /p/)
{r} comme le r dans run {run} (IPA= /r/)
{s} comme le s dans sun {sun} (IPA= /s/)
{t} comme le t dans top {top} (IPA= /t/) Video (t) US
{v} comme le v dans van {van} (IPA= /v/)
{w} comme le w dans wax {waks} (IPA= /w/)
{ч} comme le y dans yes {чxs} (IPA= /j/)
{z} comme le z dans zip {zip} (IPA=/z/)
{β} comme le sh dans ship {βip} (IPA=/ʃ/)
{ђ} comme le th dans the {ђe} (IPA= /ð/)
{ħ} comme le th dans thaw {ħō} (IPA=/θ/) VIDEO {ħ}+{ђ}
{ʒ} comme le g dans camouflage {kamuflʀʒ} (IPA=/ʒ/)
{l} The letter l italicized is to show two situations: 1) when it is not obligatory to pronounce the l, and 2) where, though the pronounciaton of the l may be forbidden, the presence of this l changes all the same, the sound of the vowel which follows.
ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS/PHONEMES
SONS/PHONEMES VOYELLES (VOCALIQUE) ANGLAIS
SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS / SONS VOYELLES BREF (PHONEME VOCALIQUE BREF)
{a} comme le a dans cat {kat} (IPA= /æ/) (OED = /a/)
{i} comme le i dans it {it} (OED/IPA = /ɪ/ but see fn)
{x} comme le e dans bed {bxd} (IPA/OED= /ɛ/) (BBC = /e/)
{o} comme le o dans hot {hot} (IPA/OED= /ɒ/)
{u} comme le u dans fun {fun} (IPA/OED = /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ ) (see fn)
THE OTHER VOWEL SOUNDS / LES AUTRES SON DE VOYELLES (PHONÈMES VOCALIQUE)
Group I (r)
{ʀ} comme le ar dans car (r) {kʀ} (IPA= /ɑː/) (see fn)
{ӓ} comme le air dans air (r) {ӓ} (IPA= /ɛəʳ/) (OED=ɛː) (BBC /eə/) (see fn)
{ō} comme le or dans or (r) {ō} (IPA= /ɔː/) (see fn)
Group II (ч)
{q} comme le ay dans day (ч) {dq} (IPA/OED= /eɪ/)
{ɜ} / {ǐ} comme le ee dans free (ч) {frɜ} ou comme le e dans enough {ǐnuf} (IPA= /see below/)
{y} comme le y dans sky (ч) {sky} (IPA= /aɪ/) (OED= /ʌɪ/)
{ӧ} comme le oy dans boy (ч) {bӧ} (IPA/OED= /ɔɪ/)
Group III (w)
{ɣ} comme le oo dans too (w) {tɣ} (IPA/OED= /uː/)
{ø} comme le ow dans show (w) {βø} (IPA= /oʊ/) (OED = /əʊ/)
{ө} comme le ou dans cloud (w) {klөd} (IPA/OED= /aʊ/)
THE SCHWA AND HIS OLDER BROTHER / LE SCHWA EST SON FRERE AINEE
{e} comme le er dans winter (r) {winte} (OED= /ə/)
{er} comme le er dans fern (r) {fern} (OED= /əː/) (BBC /3:/)
THE OUTSIDER / LE MARGINAL
{owl} comme le owl dans bowl {bowl} [bol] CLUE : (soul, hole, whole, coal, goal, mole, roll) (IPA= hoʊl) (OED=/əʊl) mais pas comme owl le mot anglais pour un hibou/chouette qui se prononce {өl}
{a} comme le a dans cat {kat} (IPA= /æ/) (OED = /a/)
{i} comme le i dans it {it} (OED/IPA = /ɪ/ but see fn)
{x} comme le e dans bed {bxd} (IPA/OED= /ɛ/) (BBC = /e/)
{o} comme le o dans hot {hot} (IPA/OED= /ɒ/)
{u} comme le u dans fun {fun} (IPA/OED = /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ ) (see fn)
THE OTHER VOWEL SOUNDS / LES AUTRES SON DE VOYELLES (PHONÈMES VOCALIQUE)
Group I (r)
{ʀ} comme le ar dans car (r) {kʀ} (IPA= /ɑː/) (see fn)
{ӓ} comme le air dans air (r) {ӓ} (IPA= /ɛəʳ/) (OED=ɛː) (BBC /eə/) (see fn)
{ō} comme le or dans or (r) {ō} (IPA= /ɔː/) (see fn)
Group II (ч)
{q} comme le ay dans day (ч) {dq} (IPA/OED= /eɪ/)
{ɜ} / {ǐ} comme le ee dans free (ч) {frɜ} ou comme le e dans enough {ǐnuf} (IPA= /see below/)
{y} comme le y dans sky (ч) {sky} (IPA= /aɪ/) (OED= /ʌɪ/)
{ӧ} comme le oy dans boy (ч) {bӧ} (IPA/OED= /ɔɪ/)
Group III (w)
{ɣ} comme le oo dans too (w) {tɣ} (IPA/OED= /uː/)
{ø} comme le ow dans show (w) {βø} (IPA= /oʊ/) (OED = /əʊ/)
{ө} comme le ou dans cloud (w) {klөd} (IPA/OED= /aʊ/)
THE SCHWA AND HIS OLDER BROTHER / LE SCHWA EST SON FRERE AINEE
{e} comme le er dans winter (r) {winte} (OED= /ə/)
{er} comme le er dans fern (r) {fern} (OED= /əː/) (BBC /3:/)
THE OUTSIDER / LE MARGINAL
{owl} comme le owl dans bowl {bowl} [bol] CLUE : (soul, hole, whole, coal, goal, mole, roll) (IPA= hoʊl) (OED=/əʊl) mais pas comme owl le mot anglais pour un hibou/chouette qui se prononce {өl}
FOOTNOTES (fn)
{ʀ}
This symbol is also used for /ɑːʳ/ as I only put in the liasons when they are actually used, using my own system I use {ӓ} where the americans would use /ɑː/ AND /ɑːr/ because I transcribe using my own british accent which only pronounces these kind of /r/ sounds when a liason is sounded.
{ӓ}
NOTE: American use of /ɛər/ or /eɪər/ or /er/
{ō}
This symbol is also used for /ɔːʳ/ as I only put in the liasons when they are actually used, using my own system i.e., the boar and the cat {ђe bō -r- and ђe kat}
I use {ō} where the americans would use /ɔː/ AND /ɔːr/ because I transcribe using my own british accent which only pronounces these kind of /r/ sounds when a liason is sounded.
{x}
/e/ is used in place of /ɛ/ in many dictionaries.
{u}
I have never been able to distinguish between /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ in my own speech (something to do with my brummy accent maybe) and so I use only one symbol for the two. Just means you'll end up talking like me (ha! ha!) Ps I pronounce the both of them using /ʊ/
{ɜ} vs {ǐ} vs {i}
It is best to think of the first two as being one vowel sound. I normally use {ɜ} when this sound is stressed and {ǐ} when it is unstressed. For example, in even {ɜven} it is stressed and in enough {ǐnuf} it is unstressed. However note that, when I used this phonetic alphabet for my own personal use (I came up with it at first to take notes for myself at university) I didn't distinguish between the two and so used {ɜ}for both stressed and unstressed situations. Thus, having introduced the other symbole to aid those learning English as a foreign language I havent been exactly precise in it's use. Why? Some bad habits die hard! Thus:
1) When this vowel sound is at the end of a word I universally use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and in most words of more than one syllable it is not stressed (though note the word settee.) This gives the strange result that I write everything as {xvrǐħink} or some times {xvrɜ ħink}. Nothing changes in the pronunciation, it is just that, in separating the word the said vowel sound now falls at the end of a written word and so I automatically use the {ɜ} even though the vowel remains unstressed. Tut tut! 2) Again, when this vowel sound is followed by the consonant {ч} then I automatically use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and quite often it is not. Thus I use {ɜ} in both genteel {jxntɜчul} and industrial {industrxɜчul} whereas it is only stressed in the former. The suffixes that this concerns are {ɜчe}, {ɜчa} and {ɜчul} NOTE: the IPA uses the /I/ in most circumstances where I use {ǐ} (or where I should use {ǐ} as I've just described above) however this symbol is also used where I use {i}, and for me, there is a big enough difference between the two to justify a separate symbol for each. Now lets take the word rematch (as in the verb to rematch, to match again). I write this as {rǐmac}. In this way one knows that the stress is on the last syllable i.e. {rǐmac} but if it was written like this; {rɜmac} as for the the noun rematch (a return match between to teams) then the stress would be on the first syllable i.e.{rɜmac} or, as I like to think of it, it would sound like two words of one syllable each i.e. ree match. If, however, I was to write it like this: {rimac} then the stress would also be on the first syllable i.e. {rimac} i.e. it would also sound like two separate words of one syllable each but the words would instead be rim atch almost as if an london eastender (who drops his h's) was referring to the hatch of a rim. (yeah, unlikely, but you get the picture) NOTE: the OED probably uses their symbol /i/ in much the same way as I use (or rather should use) {ǐ} and their three symbols /iː/, /i/ and /I/ seems to match up with my use of {ɜ}, {ǐ} and {i} better than the normal IPA. However, I have not the resources to go and buy me their dictionary to varify this (bein' skint 'n' all) Hear is a good youtube video showing the difference between {ɜ} or /iː/ and {i} or /I/ |
UPDATE - MIS A JOUR
(dec 2013)
(dec 2013)
Bon, je vais mieux expliquer ceci plus tard mais pour le moment ça va falloir suffire. Récemment j'ai fait quelques modifications au système phonétique. voici dessous les modifications:
1.) J'ai italicizé (mis en italique) les l qui sont:- a.) jamais prononcé (ie. le bout de la langue ne touche jamais le palais de la bouche) mais qui influence le prononciation du voyelle qu'elles suit. eg. milk {milk}, silk {silk}, film {film} etc. Ps si ces l changeaient pas le son, je les aurait carrément suprimé. b.) parfois pas prononcé (dépendant du parleur) 2.) J'ai échangé les rôles des lettres {u} et {ɣ} . Pourquoi? Pour pleins de raison que vais pas expliquer pour le moment. Navré si vous vous êtes habitués a l'ancien facon d'utilisé ces lettres. Oui, ca va faire chier a adapter mais il fallait mordre la biscuit avant que j'avance trop loin (dicton anglais 'bite the biscuit' qui veut dire commencer un besogne qu'on voulait pas faire mais qu'il fallait faire. Comme ouvrir la boite a lettre quand on sait qu'il y a des factures dedans que l'on peut pas payer. 3.) l'introduction d'un nouveau lettre: le {ǐ} |