English Vowel Sounds
Sons de Voyelles Anglais
sonidos vocálicos del ingles / suoni vocalici inglese / englischen vokallauten
Part I
SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS
SON DE VOYELLES BREF
What brings together the English short vowel sounds (apart from the fact that they are all short) is that, normally, they cannot terminate a word without a consonant sound following them. (except {a} in exceptional circumstances)
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Ce qui rassemble les son de voyelles bref (à part qu’elles sont bref) c’est le fait que, normalement, elles ne peuvent pas terminer un mot sans qu’une son de consonne les suivent. (sauf {a} dans les circonstances excetptionelles) |
{a} as the a in cat {kat} - (IPA= /æ/) (OED = /a/)
{i} as the i in it {it} - (OED/IPA = /ɪ/ but see fn)
{x} as the e in bed {bxd} (IPA/OED= /ɛ/) (BBC = /e/)
{o} as the o in hot {hot} - (IPA/OED= /ɒ/)
{u} as the u in fun {fun} - (IPA/OED = /ʌ/ + /ʊ/ ) (see fn)
{i} as the i in it {it} - (OED/IPA = /ɪ/ but see fn)
{x} as the e in bed {bxd} (IPA/OED= /ɛ/) (BBC = /e/)
{o} as the o in hot {hot} - (IPA/OED= /ɒ/)
{u} as the u in fun {fun} - (IPA/OED = /ʌ/ + /ʊ/ ) (see fn)
And now we are going to examine each of the short vowels individually, starting with:
Et maintenant on va examiner chacun de ces voyelle bref individuellement, commençant avec:
Et maintenant on va examiner chacun de ces voyelle bref individuellement, commençant avec:
cat = {kat}
hell = {hal} NOTE: A cause de mon accent je prononce ce group de mots ainsi. Neanmoins, la plupart des gens les prononcent avec le {e} plutot que le {a}
draught = {draft}
meringue = {merang}
{i}
as the i in it {it}
OED/IPA = /ɪ/
NOTE: the IPA also uses /I/ in most circumstances where I use {ǐ} (or where I should use {ǐ}- see below,) therfore the use by the OED of /I/ might fit more closely with my use of {i} (would varify if I had the money for their dictionary), however read below for potential differences.
Spelling Variations: (i) (a_e) (ai) (i_e) (e) (u)
kip = {kip}
damage = {damij}
mountain = {mөntin}
OTHER EXAMPLES: fountain{fөntin}
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give = {giv}
OTHER EXAMPLES: live{liv},
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gutted = {gutid}
OTHER EXAMPLES : landed{landid}, sanded{sandid}, handed{handid}, crusted{krustid}, pitted{pitid}, witted{witid}, footed{futid}, boasted{bøstid}, coasted{køstid}, toasted{tøstid}, posted{pøstid}, blooded{bludid}, flooded{fludid}, budded{budid}, hated{hqtid}, baited{bqtid}, dated{dqtid}, waited{wqtid}
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lettuce = {lxtis}
keg = {kxg}
OTHER EXAMPLES: beg{bxg}, peg{pxg}, egg{xg}, red{rxd}, shed{βxd}, wed{wxd}, pet{pxt}, wet{wxt}, vet{vxt}, pen{pxn}, hen{hxn}, when{wxn}, stress{strxs}, bless{blxs}, less{lxs}, web{wxb}, step{stxp}, chef{βxf}, neck{nxk}, check{cxk}, wreck{rxk}, get{gxt}, yet{yxt}, let{lxt}, fetch{fxc}, sketch{skxc}, wretch{rxc}, flesh{flxβ}, fresh{frxβ}, creche{krxβ}, dredge{drxj}, hedge{hxj}, sledge{slxj}.
Note: there are many other examples ................................................................................................................................................................ |
thread = {ħrxd}
OTHER EXAMPLES: dead{dxd}, head{hx}, read{rxd}, lead{lxd}, tread{trxd}, spread{sprxd}, stead{stxd}, bread{brxd}, dread{drxd}, death{dxħ}, breath{brxħ}
Note: this list is almost exhaustive ................................................................................................................................................................ |
said = {sxd}
leopard = {lxped}
cod = {kod}
shone = {βon}
yacht = {чot}
hydraulic = {hydrolik}
John = {jon}
{u}
comme le u dans fun {fun}
IPA/OED = /ʌ/ + /ʊ/
FOOTNOTE: du a mon accent de Birmingham, Angleterre, je prononce le /ʌ/ et le /ʊ/ de la meme façon. Du coup, j'emploie le meme symbole pour les deux.
Spelling Variations: (u) (oo) (o) (ou) (o_e) (oul) (e) (a)
cut = {kut}
good = {gud}
mother = {muђe/muve}
rough ={ruf}
love = {luv}
would = {wud}
table = {tqbul}
legal = {lɜgul}
label = {lqbul}
Part II
THE OTHER VOWELS SOUNDS
LES AUTRES SONS DE VOYELLES
Notez qu’ils peuvent terminer un mot sans besoin d’un consonant. Ils se divisent en trois groupes. Le Premier Groupe se distingue par le fait que si une autre voyelle les suis le consonne {r} est sonné entre les deux, même si les deux voyelles appartiennent à deux mot différent. Exemple ; the car is open{ђe kʀ -r- iz øpen}[la voiture est ouverte]. Vous voyez, la consonne {r} est introduit après {ʀ} est avant {i}. N’oubliez pas, c’est presque obligatoire ! Ce phénomène est vu plus clairement quand elle se prendre place dans le même mot. Exemple ; on entends pas la consonne {r} dans le mot star{stʀ}[etoile/vedette] mais dans le présent participe starring{stʀring}[mettant en vedette] on l’entend bien. Pourquoi ? Parce que la langue anglaise n’aime pas deux son de voyelles, l’un après l’autre, sans un son de consonne pour faire le pont. C’est pour cela que l’accent français est l’un des plus difficiles de comprendre pour un anglais. Quand vous parlez anglais vous (plus que n’importe quelle autre nation) négligez ces ponts si important. Si vous écoutez un anglais qui parle français (il y a si peu, je sais) vous constaterez qu’il fera les ponts partout ou ils n’appartiennent pas. Fin bref, faire deux sons de voyelles, pour un anglophone, sans un sons de consonne entre les deux, c'est difficile.
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Group I (r)
{ʀ} comme le ar dans car (r) {kʀ} [voiture] (IPA= /ɑː/) see fn
{ӓ} comme le air dans air (r) {ӓ} [air] (IPA= /ɛəʳ/) (OED=ɛː) (BBC/eə/) see fn
{ō} comme le or dans or (r) {ō} [ou] (IPA= /ɔː/) see fn
{ʀ} comme le ar dans car (r) {kʀ} [voiture] (IPA= /ɑː/) see fn
{ӓ} comme le air dans air (r) {ӓ} [air] (IPA= /ɛəʳ/) (OED=ɛː) (BBC/eə/) see fn
{ō} comme le or dans or (r) {ō} [ou] (IPA= /ɔː/) see fn
{ʀ}
comme le ar dans car {kʀ} [voiture]
IPA= /ɑː/
FOOTNOTE: {ʀ} is also used for /ɑːʳ/ as I only put in the liasons when they are actually used, using my own system.
I use {ʀ} where the americans would use /ɑː/ AND /ɑːr/ because I transcribe using my own british accent which only pronounces these kind of /r/ sounds when a liason is sounded.
Spelling Variations: (ar) (au) (a)
car = {kʀ} [voiture]
laugh = {lʀf/laf} [rire]
bath = {bʀħ/baħ}[baigne/baigner]
{ӓ}
comme le air dans air (r) {ӓ} [air]
IPA = /ɛəʳ/ OED = /ɛː/ BBC = /eə/ see fn
NOTE: American use of /ɛər/ or /eɪər/ or /er/
Spelling Variations: (are) (air) (ear) (ayor) (ar)
care = {kӓ} [soin/prendre.soin]
fair = {fӓ} [fête.foraine/blond/clair/juste/foire]
bear = {bӓ} [ours]
mayor = {mӓ} [maire]
librarian = {lybrӓrɜчen} [bibliothécaire]
{ō}
comme le or dans or {ō} [ou]
IPA = /ɔː/ see fn
NOTE: {ō} is also used for /ɔːʳ/ as I only put in the liasons when they are actually used, using my own system i.e., the boar and the cat {ђe bō -r- and ђe kat}
I use {ō} where the Americans would use /ɔː/ AND /ɔːr/ because I transcribe using my own british accent which only pronounces these kind of /r/ sounds when a liason is sounded.
*NOTE: je prononce fall et fool quasiment de la même façon {fōwl} et ainsi suit ma transcription phonétique (sauf je me debarasse du {w} qui represent le troussement des levres i.e. {fōl}) mais la majorité des anglophone distinguent bien entre les deux, prononçant le premier {fōl} et le deuxième {fɣōl} ou meme {fɣl} si on vient, par example, de Livepool.
Spelling Variations: (ore) (oor) (aw) (oar) (our) (augh) (or) (ar) (ough) (o) (oo)* (oa) (au) (ure)
core = {kō} [trognon(fruit)/fondamental/noyau(planète)/central]
door = {dō} [porte]
raw = {rō} [cru]
roar = {rō} [rugissement/rugir]
court = {kōt} [cour(légal/royal)court(sport)/courtiser]
caught = {kōt} [attrapé]
short = {βōt} [court(longueur)/petit/(en hauteur)/bref]
wart = {wōt} [verrue]
thought = {ħōt} (pensé)
hall = {hōl} [salle(événements public)/entrée]
kool* = {kōwl} [cool/frais]
abroad = {abrōd} [à l’étranger]
jewel* = {jōwl} [Joyau]
astronaut = {astrønōt} [astronaute]
cure = {kчō} [remède/guérir]
you’ll = {чōwl} [tu.ou.vous.suivi.de will i.e. you will = you’ll (will est utiliser pour former le future)/ tu.ou.vous.suivi.de all i.e. you all = you’ll (ce que les américains utilise pour désigner plusieurs personne i.e. comme ‘vous’)]
Group II (ч)
{q} comme le ay dans day (ч) {dq} [jour] INDICE : pays (IPA/OED= /eɪ/)
{ɜ} / {ǐ} comme le ee dans free (ч) {frɜ} ou comme le e dans enough {ǐnuf} (IPA= /see below/)
{y} comme le y dans sky (ч) {sky} [ciel] INDICE : my, high, die, pie, lie, bye (IPA= /aɪ/) (OED= /ʌɪ/)
{ӧ} comme le oy dans boy (ч) {bӧ} [garçon] (IPA/OED= /ɔɪ/)
{q} comme le ay dans day (ч) {dq} [jour] INDICE : pays (IPA/OED= /eɪ/)
{ɜ} / {ǐ} comme le ee dans free (ч) {frɜ} ou comme le e dans enough {ǐnuf} (IPA= /see below/)
{y} comme le y dans sky (ч) {sky} [ciel] INDICE : my, high, die, pie, lie, bye (IPA= /aɪ/) (OED= /ʌɪ/)
{ӧ} comme le oy dans boy (ч) {bӧ} [garçon] (IPA/OED= /ɔɪ/)
{q}
comme le ay dans day {dq} [jour]
INDICE : pays
IPA/OED= /eɪ/
Spelling Variations: (a_e) (ay) (ai) (ay_e) (ei) (a) (ey) (eigh) (aigh) (au)
cake = {kqk} [gâteau]
pay = {pq} [paie/payer]
pain = {pqn} [douleur]
wayne = {wqn} [NOM]
sheikh = {βqk} [cheik]
maniac = {mqnɜчak} [maniaque/fous]
obey = {øbq} [obéir]
sleigh = {slq} [traineau/luge]
straight = {strqt} [droit(ligne.etc)/hétéro/franc/direct]
gauge = {gqj} [jauge/jauger/calibre(flingue)]
{ɜ} / {ǐ}
comme le ee dans free {frɜ} [libre/gratuit]
ou comme le e dans enough {ǐnuf}
OED = /iː/ and /i/ (presque/nearly) see {ɜ} vs {ǐ} vs {i} at the bottom of the page.
It is best to think of these two as being one vowel sound. I normally use {ɜ} when this sound is stressed and {ǐ} when it is unstressed. For example, in even {ɜven} it is stressed and in enough {ǐnuf} it is unstressed. However note that, when I used this phonetic alphabet for my own personal use (I came up with it at first to take notes for myself at university) I didn't distinguish between the two and so used {ɜ}for both stressed and unstressed situations. Thus, having introduced the other symbole to aid those learning English as a foreign language I havent been exactly precise in it's use. Why? Some bad habits die hard! Thus:
1) When this vowel sound is at the end of a word I universally use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and in most words of more than one syllable it is not stressed (though note the word settee.) This gives the strange result that I write everything as {xvrǐħink} or some times {xvrɜ ħink}. Nothing changes in the pronunciation, it is just that, in separating the words the said vowel sound now falls at the end of a written word and so I automatically use the {ɜ} even though the vowel remains unstressed. Tut tut! 2) Again, when this vowel sound is followed by the consonant {ч} then I automatically use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and quite often it is not. Thus I use {ɜ} in both genteel {jxntɜчul} and industrial {industrxɜчul} whereas it is only stressed in the former. The suffixes that this concerns are {ɜчe}, {ɜчa} and {ɜчul} |
Spelling Variations: (ee) (ea) (ea_e) (ee_e) (ie_e) (ei) (i) (e) (ey) (y)
keep = {kɜp} [garder/maintenir/fort-donjon]
meat = {mɜt [viande]
leave = {lɜv} [partir]
freeze = {frɜz} [geler]
frieze = {frɜz} [frise]
receipt = {rǐsɜt} [reçu/ticket de caisse/recettes]
ballerina = {balerɜne} [ballerine]
be = {bɜ} [etre]
key = {kɜ} [clef]
dizzy* = {dizɜ} [étourdie]
{y}
comme le y dans sky {sky} [ciel]
INDICE : my, high, die, pie, lie, bye
IPA= /aɪ/ US? OED= /ʌɪ/ UK?
Spelling Variations: (i_e) (igh) (y) (uy) (ie) (ye) (i) (ei)
comme le y dans sky {sky} [ciel]
INDICE : my, high, die, pie, lie, bye
IPA= /aɪ/ US? OED= /ʌɪ/ UK?
Spelling Variations: (i_e) (igh) (y) (uy) (ie) (ye) (i) (ei)
kite = {kyt} [cerf.volant]
high = {hy} [haut/drogué]
height = {hyt} [hauteur]
sky = {sky} [ciel]
buy = {by}[acheter]
die = {dy} [mourir]
bye = {by} [au.revoir]
kind = {kynd} [gentil]
kaleidoscope = {kelydeskøp} [kaléidoscope]
coin = {kӧn} [pièce(monnaie)]
boy = {bӧ} [garçon]
Group III {w}
{ɣ} comme le oo dans too (w) {tɣ} [aussi] INDICE : (entre ou et u) (IPA/OED= /uː/)
{ø} comme le ow dans show (w) {βø} [montrer] INDICE : chaud (assez proche) (IPA= /oʊ/) (OED = /əʊ/)
{ө} comme le ou dans cloud (w) {klөd} [nuage] INDICE : kl-a-ou-d (IPA/OED= /aʊ/)
{ɣ} comme le oo dans too (w) {tɣ} [aussi] INDICE : (entre ou et u) (IPA/OED= /uː/)
{ø} comme le ow dans show (w) {βø} [montrer] INDICE : chaud (assez proche) (IPA= /oʊ/) (OED = /əʊ/)
{ө} comme le ou dans cloud (w) {klөd} [nuage] INDICE : kl-a-ou-d (IPA/OED= /aʊ/)
{ɣ}
comme le oo dans too {tɣ} [aussi]
IPA/OED= /uː/
Spelling Variations: (oo_e) (ou) (ue) (oe) (ough) (ew) (u) (o) (oo) (wo)
{ɣ}
comme le oo dans too {tɣ} [aussi]
IPA/OED= /uː/
Spelling Variations: (oo_e) (ou) (ue) (oe) (ough) (ew) (u) (o) (oo) (wo)
coombe = {kɣm} [combe/petite vallée]
soup = {sɣp} [soupe]
sue = {sɣ} [poursuivre.en. justice]
shoe = {βɣ} [chaussure]
through = {ħrɣ} [à.travers/par/à.cause.de]
flew = {flɣ} [volé]
zulu = {zɣlɣ} [zoulou]
fruit = {frɣt} [fruit]
to = {tɣ} [à(parmi.d’autres.prépositions)]
too = {tɣ} [aussi]
two = {tɣ} [deux]
{ø}
comme le ow dans show {βø} [montrer]
INDICE : chaud (assez proche)
IPA= /oʊ/ OED = /əʊ/
Spelling Variations: (oa) (o_e) (ow) (ough) (au) (oe) (owe) (oh)
comme le ow dans show {βø} [montrer]
INDICE : chaud (assez proche)
IPA= /oʊ/ OED = /əʊ/
Spelling Variations: (oa) (o_e) (ow) (ough) (au) (oe) (owe) (oh)
coat = {køt} [manteau]
poke = {pøk} [enfoncer.du.doigt]
show = {βø} [montrer/spectacle]
dough = {dø} [pate.pour.faire.cuire.pain.etc/argent(argot)]
mauve = {møv} [mauve]
woe = {wø} [malheur]
owe = {ø} [devoir]
oh = {ø} [oh]
{ө}
comme le ou dans cloud {klөd} [nuage]
INDICE : kl-a-ou-d
IPA/OED = /aʊ/
Spelling Variations: (ow) (ou) (ough)
comme le ou dans cloud {klөd} [nuage]
INDICE : kl-a-ou-d
IPA/OED = /aʊ/
Spelling Variations: (ow) (ou) (ough)
cow = {kө} [vache]
round = {rөnd} [rond/arrondi/tourné/cartouche]
bough = {bө} [branche(mais on utilise plutôt ‘branch’ en anglais)]
THE SCHWA AND HIS OLDER BROTHER
LE SCHWA EST SON FRERE AINEE
J’ai regroupé ces deux ci-dessous ensemble parce que ils sont si proche qu’ils sont presque frères jumeaux. Le premier, le schwa, est très spécial même que c’est bref, et étant ainsi, appartenant normalement à les voyelles bref, parce qu’il a des qualités différent de ledit group. (1) C’est presque une non-voyelle ; (2) c’est partout dans la langue anglaise ; (3) il termine souvent les mots sans un son consonantique qui suis ; (4) quand il termine les mots il utilise un pont (dans la plupart des accents) quand le prochain mot commence avec un son vocalique. Ce pont est {r}.
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{e} comme le er dans winter (r) {winte} [hiver] INDICE : le schwa? C’est faisable (OED= /ə/)
{er} comme le er dans fern (r) {fern} [fougère] INDICE : son frère? il me concerne (OED= /əː/) (BBC /3:/)
{er} comme le er dans fern (r) {fern} [fougère] INDICE : son frère? il me concerne (OED= /əː/) (BBC /3:/)
{e}
comme le e dans the {ђe/ђɜ} [le/la/les]
INDICE : le schwa? C’est faisable
OED= /ə/
Spelling Variations: (or) (er) (e) (ou) (ar) (o) (u) (ough) (eo) (a) (re) (ure) (o_e) (i) (or)
anchor = {anke} [ancre]
banker = {banke} [banquier]
the = {ђe} [le/la/les]
famous = {fqmes} [célèbre]
leopard = {lxped} [léopard]
dalmation = {dalmqβen} [dalmatien]
tetanus = {txtnes} [tétanos]
thorough = {ħure} [approfondi/minutieux/à fond]
luncheon = {luncen} [(mot rare que l’on trouve pour la plupart dans ‘luncheon meat’ une genre de viande/pâte)]
truant = {trɣwent} [(dit d’un enfant qui fait l’école buissonnière)]
lustre = {luste} [lustre/brillance]
literature = {literace/litrace} [littérature]
fulsome = {fulsem} [excessive(éloge)/excessive/compréhensive]
bronchitis = {bronkytes} [bronchite]
discomfort = {diskumfet} [manque de confort/gène]
{er}
comme le er dans fern (r) {fern} [fougère]
INDICE : son frère? il me concerne (assez proche)
OED= /əː/ BBC /3:/
Spelling Variations: (er) (ir) (ear) (ur) (or) (our)
kerb = {kerb} [bordure.du.trottoir]
birth = {berħ/berf} [naissance]
search = {serc} [chercher/recherche/fouille/fouiller]
turn = {tern} [tourner]
work = {werk} [travaille/travailler]
journey = {jernɜ} [voyage]
THE OUTSIDER / LE MARGINAL
Ok, j'ai menti, c'est un combinaison vocalique/consonantique. Mais bon, je vais pas inventer un symbole pour un son de voyelle qui existent que devant un {l}. Mais c'est nécessaire parce que cela évite confusion entre ces-mots-dessous qui sont, chacun, prononcé différemment:
holly {holɜ} [houe]
holy {hølɜ} [sacré]
wholly {howlɜ} [entièrement]
golly {golɜ} [la.vache!(vielli)]
goalie {gowlɜ} [gardien.de.but]
{owl}
comme le owl dans bowl {bowl} [bol]
INDICE : o-(w)-ul (mais dite comme si c'est q'un syllabe)
IPA= /oʊl/ OED=/əʊl/
ATTENTION: le mot anglais owl qui veut dire hibou/chouette se prononce {өl} et, du coup, n’appartient pas ici.
Spelling Variations: (oul) (owl) (ole) (oll) (ol)
comme le owl dans bowl {bowl} [bol]
INDICE : o-(w)-ul (mais dite comme si c'est q'un syllabe)
IPA= /oʊl/ OED=/əʊl/
ATTENTION: le mot anglais owl qui veut dire hibou/chouette se prononce {өl} et, du coup, n’appartient pas ici.
Spelling Variations: (oul) (owl) (ole) (oll) (ol)
soul = {sowl} [âme]
bowl = {bowl} [bol]
goal = {kowl} [goal]
mole = {mowl}[taupe/grain.de.beauté]
roll = {rowl} [rouler/rouleau]
control = {kentrowl} [contrôle]
la fin!
post scriptum
post scriptum
{ɜ} vs {ǐ} vs {i}
THIS PART IS REPEATED FROM ABOVE
It is best to think of the first two as being one vowel sound. I normally use {ɜ} when this sound is stressed and {ǐ} when it is unstressed. For example, in even {ɜven} it is stressed and in enough {ǐnuf} it is unstressed. However note that, when I used this phonetic alphabet for my own personal use (I came up with it at first to take notes for myself at university) I didn't distinguish between the two and so used {ɜ}for both stressed and unstressed situations. Thus, having introduced the other symbole to aid those learning English as a foreign language I havent been exactly precise in it's use. Why? Some bad habits die hard! Thus: 1) When this vowel sound is at the end of a word I universally use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and in most words of more than one syllable it is not stressed (though note the word settee.) This gives the strange result that I write everything as {xvrǐħink} or some times {xvrɜ ħink}. Nothing changes in the pronunciation, it is just that, in separating the word the said vowel sound now falls at the end of a written word and so I automatically use the {ɜ} even though the vowel remains unstressed. Tut tut! 2) Again, when this vowel sound is followed by the consonant {ч} then I automatically use {ɜ} whether stressed or not, and quite often it is not. Thus I use {ɜ} in both genteel {jxntɜчul} and industrial {industrxɜчul} whereas it is only stressed in the former. The suffixes that this concerns are {ɜчe}, {ɜчa} and {ɜчul} THIS PART IS THE NEW BIT NOTE: the IPA uses the /I/ in most circumstances where I use {ǐ} (or where I should use {ǐ} as I've just described above) however this symbol is also used where I use {i}, and for me, there is a big enough difference between the two to justify a separate symbol for each. Now lets take the word rematch (as in the verb to rematch, to match again). I write this as {rǐmac}. In this way one knows that the stress is on the last syllable i.e. {rǐmac} but if it was written like this; {rɜmac} as for the the noun rematch (a return match between to teams) then the stress would be on the first syllable i.e.{rɜmac} or, as I like to think of it, it would sound like two words of one syllable each i.e. ree match. If, however, I was to write it like this: {rimac} then the stress would also be on the first syllable i.e. {rimac} i.e. it would also sound like two separate words of one syllable each but the words would instead be rim atch almost as if an london eastender (who drops his h's) was referring to the hatch of a rim. (yeah, unlikely, but you get the picture) NOTE: the OED probably uses their symbol /i/ in much the same way as I use (or rather should use) {ǐ} and their three symbols /iː/, /i/ and /I/ seems to match up with my use of {ɜ}, {ǐ} and {i} better than the normal IPA. However, I have not the resources to go and buy me their dictionary to varify this (bein' skint 'n' all) Here is a good youtube video showing the difference between IPA/iː/ and IPA /I/. As it happens, all the examples match up with my use of {ɜ} and {i} because all the /iː/ examples she uses are stressed: fleece {flɜs}, machine{meβɜn}, sea{sɜ}, litre{lɜte}, cheap{cɜp}, feet{fɜt}, he's{hɜz}, peach{pɜc} and sheep{βɜp}. If she had used unstressed ones she would have probably used the /I/ symbol as a stop gap. |